The SQLAlchemy 2.0 Textbook (DB-Agnostic)

This is the database-agnostic SQLAlchemy 2.0 textbook. For a Postgres-specific companion volume, see The Postgres-focused SQLAlchemy Textbook .

SQLAlchemy 2.0 Textbook Ch. 11 — Testing

Testing SQLAlchemy: real DBs via testcontainers, per-test transactions, factory_boy, async fixtures, and CI patterns.

Production SQLAlchemy: pool sizing with PgBouncer, read replica routing, OTEL instrumentation, multi-tenancy with RLS, and graceful failure modes.