https://blog.rajpoot.dev/tags/backend/ Recent content in Backend on Manvendra Rajpoot https://blog.rajpoot.dev/img/personal/cover.png https://blog.rajpoot.dev/img/personal/cover.png Hugo en Manvendra Rajpoot Sun, 17 May 2026 17:50:46 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/auth-jwt-vs-session-2026/ Tue, 05 May 2026 09:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/auth-jwt-vs-session-2026/ JWT vs session cookies in 2026 — security tradeoffs, scaling, revocation, and the patterns from production auth. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-design-2026/ Tue, 05 May 2026 08:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-design-2026/ API design in 2026 — resource naming, error envelopes, pagination, idempotency, and the boring discipline that makes APIs pleasant to use. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/streaming-patterns-2026/ Tue, 05 May 2026 06:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/streaming-patterns-2026/ Streaming response patterns in 2026 — SSE, WebSocket, gRPC streaming, NDJSON, and choosing the right streaming protocol. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/server-actions-vs-api-2026/ Tue, 05 May 2026 06:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/server-actions-vs-api-2026/ Server Actions vs traditional APIs in 2026 — Next.js / Remix actions vs REST / GraphQL / tRPC, when each fits, and architectural implications. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/multitenancy-patterns-2026/ Mon, 04 May 2026 06:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/multitenancy-patterns-2026/ Multi-tenancy patterns in 2026 — shared DB, schema-per-tenant, DB-per-tenant, RLS, and the production tradeoffs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/postgres-as-everything-2026/ Mon, 04 May 2026 06:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/postgres-as-everything-2026/ Using Postgres as everything in 2026 — queue, cache, full-text search, vectors, analytics. When the boring choice wins. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-basics-2026/ Mon, 04 May 2026 06:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-basics-2026/ Practical gRPC in 2026 — proto design, streaming, error handling, deadlines, and the patterns from real microservices. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/database-migrations-2026/ Sun, 03 May 2026 07:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/database-migrations-2026/ Database migration patterns in 2026 — expand-contract, online schema changes, pg_repack, and the discipline that prevents downtime. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-versioning-2026/ Sun, 03 May 2026 07:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-versioning-2026/ API versioning in 2026 — URL, header, content negotiation, deprecation, and the strategies from real public APIs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/saga-vs-2pc-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 12:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/saga-vs-2pc-2026/ Distributed transactions in 2026 — saga patterns, two-phase commit reality, outbox, and the discipline of cross-service consistency. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/distributed-tracing-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 11:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/distributed-tracing-2026/ Distributed tracing in 2026 — OpenTelemetry, trace context propagation, sampling, useful spans, and the patterns that make tracing worth the effort. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/circuit-breaker-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 09:50:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/circuit-breaker-2026/ Circuit breakers in 2026 — the pattern, threshold tuning, half-open recovery, libraries, and the failure modes from production. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/event-sourcing-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 09:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/event-sourcing-2026/ Event sourcing in 2026 — patterns, projections, snapshots, when it pays off, and the operational realities of running event-sourced systems. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-vs-rest-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 08:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-vs-rest-2026/ gRPC vs REST vs GraphQL in 2026 — when each wins, perf reality, schema evolution, and the patterns from real backend teams. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-celery-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 06:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-celery-2026/ Practical Django + Celery in 2026 — task design, retries, dead letters, scheduling, and the patterns that prevent silent failures. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/rust-axum-middleware-2026/ Sat, 02 May 2026 06:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/rust-axum-middleware-2026/ Axum middleware in 2026 — Tower layers, request ID, auth, rate limiting, observability, and the patterns from production Rust services. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-gateway-patterns-2026/ Fri, 01 May 2026 05:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-gateway-patterns-2026/ API gateway patterns in 2026 — Kong vs Envoy vs Cloudflare vs Tyk. Where each fits, plus app-level vs platform-level gateway tradeoffs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-rate-limit-design-2026/ Fri, 01 May 2026 03:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-rate-limit-design-2026/ How to design API rate limits that customers can use — tiers, quota types, response headers, 429 patterns, and the patterns from popular APIs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/serialization-protobuf-msgpack-cbor-2026/ Fri, 01 May 2026 02:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/serialization-protobuf-msgpack-cbor-2026/ Picking a serialization format in 2026 — Protobuf, MessagePack, CBOR, FlatBuffers, JSON. Performance, ergonomics, and which fits where. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/database-migrations-zero-downtime-2026/ Fri, 01 May 2026 00:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/database-migrations-zero-downtime-2026/ How to do zero-downtime database migrations in 2026 — expand-and-contract pattern, examples for adding columns, renaming, dropping, with concrete steps. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/connection-pooling-pgbouncer-2026/ Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/connection-pooling-pgbouncer-2026/ Postgres connection pooling in 2026 — PgBouncer modes, Hyperdrive, Supavisor, pgcat, and the pattern that scales serverless and stateful apps. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-load-balancing-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 22:50:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-load-balancing-2026/ gRPC load balancing in 2026 — why standard L4 LBs fail with gRPC, client-side LB, headless services, and the patterns that work in Kubernetes. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-vs-rest-internal-services-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 21:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-vs-rest-internal-services-2026/ gRPC vs REST for internal service-to-service communication in 2026 — performance, ergonomics, debugging, and how to pick. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/healthchecks-readiness-liveness-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 20:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/healthchecks-readiness-liveness-2026/ How to design health checks that actually reflect service health — liveness vs readiness, dependency checks, startup probes, and the patterns that prevent silent outages. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/microservices-vs-monolith-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 19:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/microservices-vs-monolith-2026/ Microservices vs monolith in 2026 — when to start with a modular monolith, when to split, and the architecture decisions that age well. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-1-24-features-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-1-24-features-2026/ Go 1.24 features that matter for backend engineers in 2026 — generics improvements, range-over-func, swiss tables, weak pointers, and the standard library updates. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-streaming-server-sent-events-bidi-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 15:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/grpc-streaming-server-sent-events-bidi-2026/ gRPC streaming patterns in 2026 — server-streaming, client-streaming, bidi, error handling, deadlines, and the production patterns that scale. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-versioning-deprecation-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:50:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-versioning-deprecation-2026/ API versioning and deprecation in 2026 — URL versioning, header versioning, sunset headers, deprecation timelines, and the patterns that keep customers shipping. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/webhooks-design-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/webhooks-design-2026/ How to design and consume webhooks in 2026 — signed events, retries with backoff, idempotency, ordering, observability, and the API ergonomics that matter. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/multi-tenancy-saas-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/multi-tenancy-saas-2026/ Multi-tenancy patterns for SaaS in 2026 — shared schema, pooled tenants, per-tenant database, and how to pick by scale, isolation, and compliance needs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/feature-flags-progressive-delivery-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/feature-flags-progressive-delivery-2026/ Feature flags and progressive delivery in 2026 — LaunchDarkly, Flagsmith, OpenFeature, the patterns for safe rollouts and the operational realities. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/circuit-breakers-bulkheads-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/circuit-breakers-bulkheads-2026/ Production resilience patterns in 2026 — circuit breakers, bulkheads, backpressure, retries with jitter, and timeouts. The patterns that keep services up under stress. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/event-sourcing-cqrs-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/event-sourcing-cqrs-2026/ Event sourcing and CQRS in 2026 — what each is, when to use them, when not to, and the pragmatic patterns from production. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-design-rest-vs-rpc-vs-graphql-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 13:50:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/api-design-rest-vs-rpc-vs-graphql-2026/ API design patterns in 2026 — resource-oriented (REST), action-oriented, RPC-style. When each shape works, hybrids, and the readability tradeoffs. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/graphql-vs-trpc-vs-grpc-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 09:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/graphql-vs-trpc-vs-grpc-2026/ How to pick an API layer in 2026 — REST, GraphQL, tRPC, gRPC, Connect — with the tradeoffs that decide each call. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/zig-language-backend-developers-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/zig-language-backend-developers-2026/ Zig in 2026 — what backend developers should know about the language behind Bun, when to reach for it over Rust or Go, and what production looks like. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/temporal-durable-execution-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/temporal-durable-execution-2026/ What durable execution is, why Temporal won the workflow engine market in 2026, and how to use it for reliable agents, payments, and long-running processes. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/duckdb-analytics-data-engineering-2026/ Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/duckdb-analytics-data-engineering-2026/ Why DuckDB became the analytics database of 2026 — embedded OLAP, Parquet/Arrow, replacing Pandas at scale, the DuckLake extension, and where it fits next to Postgres. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-grpc-protobuf-microservices-2026/ Wed, 29 Apr 2026 11:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-grpc-protobuf-microservices-2026/ Building production gRPC microservices in Go in 2026 — protobuf design, codegen, streaming, interceptors, observability, and the patterns that scale. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/authentication-2026-passkeys-oauth-oidc/ Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/authentication-2026-passkeys-oauth-oidc/ Modern authentication for backend developers in 2026 — passkeys (WebAuthn), OAuth 2.1, OIDC, sessions vs JWTs, and how to pick a stack for FastAPI, Django, Hono, and Next.js. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/sqlite-edge-turso-litestream-d1-2026/ Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/sqlite-edge-turso-litestream-d1-2026/ When SQLite at the edge beats Postgres in 2026 — Turso, libSQL, Litestream, Cloudflare D1, embedded replicas, microsecond latency, and the workloads where it actually wins. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/sse-vs-websockets-streaming-ai-2026/ Wed, 29 Apr 2026 09:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/sse-vs-websockets-streaming-ai-2026/ When to use Server-Sent Events vs WebSockets in 2026 — the protocol differences, AI streaming patterns, code examples, scaling, proxy/CDN behavior, and a clear decision rule. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/devops/opentelemetry-end-to-end-observability/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 20:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/devops/opentelemetry-end-to-end-observability/ OpenTelemetry in 2026 — the working model for traces, metrics, and logs, instrumented across Python, Go, and Rust services, exported to your observability backend. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/caching-strategies-redis-valkey-2026/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 20:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/caching-strategies-redis-valkey-2026/ Modern caching strategies for backend systems — cache-aside, write-through, write-behind, stampedes, hot keys, and how Redis 8 and Valkey diverged in 2026. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/idempotency-retries-exactly-once/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 20:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/idempotency-retries-exactly-once/ How idempotency, retries, and the outbox pattern actually work in production — designing idempotency keys, retry budgets, and why exactly-once delivery doesn't exist (and what to build instead). https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/kafka-vs-nats-vs-rabbitmq/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 20:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/kafka-vs-nats-vs-rabbitmq/ A practical comparison of Kafka, NATS, and RabbitMQ in 2026 — semantics, throughput, persistence, ordering, ops cost, and a clear decision guide for backend systems. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/typescript/typescript-backend-hono-bun/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 19:40:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/typescript/typescript-backend-hono-bun/ A complete production TypeScript backend built with Hono on Bun in 2026 — type-safe routing, Zod validation, Drizzle ORM, error handling, and the project layout that scales. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/system-design/design-rate-limiter-system-design/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 19:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/system-design/design-rate-limiter-system-design/ A complete system design for a distributed rate limiter — token bucket, leaky bucket, sliding window log, sliding window counter, and how to build them with Redis at scale. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/system-design/distributed-systems-fundamentals/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 19:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/system-design/distributed-systems-fundamentals/ The mental model for distributed systems — partial failure, CAP, replication, partitioning, consistency models, time and ordering, and the tradeoffs that decide every architecture. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/tokio-async-fundamentals-backend/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/tokio-async-fundamentals-backend/ A practical guide to Tokio for backend engineers — futures, the runtime, tasks, channels, select!, cancellation, and the patterns you'll actually use in production Rust services. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/production-rust-axum-sqlx-postgres/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:20:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/rust/production-rust-axum-sqlx-postgres/ A complete walkthrough of a production-grade Rust HTTP service in 2026 — Axum 0.8 routing, extractors, sqlx for Postgres, error handling, tracing, and the project layout that scales. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/designing-rest-apis-that-dont-suck/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 15:10:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/designing-rest-apis-that-dont-suck/ An opinionated guide to designing REST APIs — resource modeling, HTTP semantics, status codes, errors, pagination, versioning, and what good looks like. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/rate-limiting-strategies-for-apis/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 15:05:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/rate-limiting-strategies-for-apis/ How to rate limit your API properly — fixed window, sliding window, leaky bucket, token bucket, Redis implementations, and what to put in your headers. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/redis-caching-strategies/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 15:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/backend/redis-caching-strategies/ A practical guide to caching with Redis — cache-aside, read-through, write-through, write-behind, TTLs, invalidation, and the patterns that scale. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/python/flask-quickstart-and-when-to-pick-it/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:50:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/python/flask-quickstart-and-when-to-pick-it/ A pragmatic Flask tutorial — set up a real app, blueprints, extensions, blueprints, and an honest take on when to still pick Flask in 2026 vs. FastAPI or Django. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-rest-api-with-net-http/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:35:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/go-rest-api-with-net-http/ Build a complete, production-shaped REST API in Go using only the standard library — routing, middleware, JSON, validation, error handling, graceful shutdown. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/getting-started-with-go-for-backend-developers/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:30:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/go/getting-started-with-go-for-backend-developers/ A pragmatic introduction to Go for backend developers coming from Python, Node, or another language — what makes Go different, the syntax that matters, and your first HTTP server. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/postgresql/postgresql-full-text-search/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:05:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/postgresql/postgresql-full-text-search/ How to add real full-text search to your app using only PostgreSQL — tsvector, tsquery, ranking, GIN indexes, and how to know when to graduate to Elasticsearch. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-vs-fastapi/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 14:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-vs-fastapi/ An honest, opinionated comparison of Django and FastAPI — what each is great at, what they're not, and how to decide which one fits your next project. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-rest-framework-tutorial/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 13:35:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/django-rest-framework-tutorial/ A hands-on tutorial for building a REST API with Django REST Framework — models, serializers, viewsets, routers, authentication, permissions, and pagination. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/postgresql/postgresql-fundamentals/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 13:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/postgresql/postgresql-fundamentals/ A practical primer on PostgreSQL — the data types, indexing, transactions, and JSONB features that backend developers reach for every day. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/fastapi/getting-started-with-fastapi/ Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:00:00 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/fastapi/getting-started-with-fastapi/ A practical introduction to FastAPI — the async Python framework that gives you type-safe APIs, automatic docs, and great performance with very little ceremony. https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/connect-postgresql-with-django/ Sun, 21 Jan 2024 22:14:54 +0530 https://blog.rajpoot.dev/posts/django/connect-postgresql-with-django/ A complete walkthrough for setting up PostgreSQL and wiring it up to a Django project, including environment variables, sensible defaults, and common pitfalls.